Optimal. Leaf size=90 \[ -\frac {3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2}-\frac {2 a \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x}+\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}-\frac {3}{2} a^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.05, antiderivative size = 90, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 6, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 26, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.231, Rules used = {871, 849, 821,
272, 65, 214} \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 a \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x}+\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2}-\frac {3}{2} a^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 65
Rule 214
Rule 272
Rule 821
Rule 849
Rule 871
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x^3 (1-a x) \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}} \, dx &=\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}-\frac {\int \frac {-3 a^2-2 a^3 x}{x^3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}} \, dx}{a^2}\\ &=-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2}+\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}+\frac {\int \frac {4 a^3+3 a^4 x}{x^2 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}} \, dx}{2 a^2}\\ &=-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2}-\frac {2 a \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x}+\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}+\frac {1}{2} \left (3 a^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2}-\frac {2 a \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x}+\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}+\frac {1}{4} \left (3 a^2\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x \sqrt {1-a^2 x}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\\ &=-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2}-\frac {2 a \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x}+\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}-\frac {3}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{a^2}-\frac {x^2}{a^2}} \, dx,x,\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}\right )\\ &=-\frac {3 \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2}-\frac {2 a \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x}+\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{x^2 (1-a x)}-\frac {3}{2} a^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}\right )\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.19, size = 76, normalized size = 0.84 \begin {gather*} \frac {\left (1+a x-4 a^2 x^2\right ) \sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}}{2 x^2 (-1+a x)}+3 a^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {-a^2} x-\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2}\right ) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.07, size = 94, normalized size = 1.04
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {a \sqrt {-a^{2} \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )^{2}-2 a \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )}}{x -\frac {1}{a}}-\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2}+1}}{2 x^{2}}-\frac {3 a^{2} \arctanh \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2}+1}}\right )}{2}-\frac {a \sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2}+1}}{x}\) | \(94\) |
risch | \(\frac {2 a^{3} x^{3}+a^{2} x^{2}-2 a x -1}{2 x^{2} \sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2}+1}}+\frac {a^{2} \left (-3 \arctanh \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2}+1}}\right )-\frac {2 \sqrt {-a^{2} \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )^{2}-2 a \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )}}{a \left (x -\frac {1}{a}\right )}\right )}{2}\) | \(102\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 1.67, size = 97, normalized size = 1.08 \begin {gather*} \frac {2 \, a^{3} x^{3} - 2 \, a^{2} x^{2} + 3 \, {\left (a^{3} x^{3} - a^{2} x^{2}\right )} \log \left (\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} - 1}{x}\right ) - {\left (4 \, a^{2} x^{2} - a x - 1\right )} \sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1}}{2 \, {\left (a x^{3} - x^{2}\right )}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} - \int \frac {1}{a x^{4} \sqrt {- a^{2} x^{2} + 1} - x^{3} \sqrt {- a^{2} x^{2} + 1}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 213 vs.
\(2 (78) = 156\).
time = 0.76, size = 213, normalized size = 2.37 \begin {gather*} -\frac {{\left (a^{3} + \frac {3 \, {\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} {\left | a \right |} + a\right )} a}{x} - \frac {20 \, {\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} {\left | a \right |} + a\right )}^{2}}{a x^{2}}\right )} a^{4} x^{2}}{8 \, {\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} {\left | a \right |} + a\right )}^{2} {\left (\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} {\left | a \right |} + a}{a^{2} x} - 1\right )} {\left | a \right |}} - \frac {3 \, a^{3} \log \left (\frac {{\left | -2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} {\left | a \right |} - 2 \, a \right |}}{2 \, a^{2} {\left | x \right |}}\right )}{2 \, {\left | a \right |}} - \frac {\frac {4 \, {\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} {\left | a \right |} + a\right )} a {\left | a \right |}}{x} + \frac {{\left (\sqrt {-a^{2} x^{2} + 1} {\left | a \right |} + a\right )}^{2} {\left | a \right |}}{a x^{2}}}{8 \, a^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 2.61, size = 105, normalized size = 1.17 \begin {gather*} \frac {a^3\,\sqrt {1-a^2\,x^2}}{\left (x\,\sqrt {-a^2}-\frac {\sqrt {-a^2}}{a}\right )\,\sqrt {-a^2}}-\frac {a\,\sqrt {1-a^2\,x^2}}{x}-\frac {\sqrt {1-a^2\,x^2}}{2\,x^2}+\frac {a^2\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\sqrt {1-a^2\,x^2}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,3{}\mathrm {i}}{2} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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